【重点句型及语法知识点】
1.while引导让步状语从句
析while引导让步状语从句时,意为“尽管:虽然”,相当于though/al
though,但语气比though/although弱。while引导的让步状语从句一般放在句首,而though/although引导的让步状语从句可位于主句之前或之后。另外,while还可意为“当…的时候”,引导时间状语从句,此时从句中的谓语动词只能是延续性的。
例
While it was hard to pick a favourite painting out of so many amazing works, the artists who made the deepest impression on me were two of the greatest Impressionist painters,Claude Monet and Pierre-Auguste Renoir.虽然很难从这么多令人惊叹的作品中挑选出一
幅最喜爱的画,但给我印象最深的画家是两位最伟大的印象
画家,克劳德·莫奈和皮埃尔奥古斯特·雷诺阿。
2. “It is/was..that/who…”强调句
强调句的基本结构”It is/was+被强调部分+that/who.…”能强调句子的主语、宾语和状语。强调人时引导词可用who或that,强其他部分时只能用that,且that/who不能省略。原句是过去的某种时态时,用”It was.…”;原句为现在的某种时态时,用”It is.…”如果被强调部分是句子的主语,that/who之后的谓语动词在人称和数上与句子的主语一致。
要点归纳
强调句的几种复杂结构
1.被强调的部分是状语从句:
It was when Asimov was 11 years old that his talent for writ-
ing became obvious.
→时间状语从句
在阿西莫夫11岁时他的写作才华开始变得明显。
2.被强调的部分含有定语从句:
It was at a bank that lies on the main street that the old man was
robbed of 1,000 dollars.
→定语从句
就是在位于主干道上的一家银行,这位老人被抢走了1000
美元。
3.”not..until..”结构用于强调句:对“not..until..”进行强调时,
应把 not与 until一起放入被强调部分,即用”It is/was not
until..that..”句式。
It is not until you have lost health that you truly appreciate its
value.直到失去了健康你才能真正懂得它的价值。
例
Although the paintings had very different settings, it was their similarities that stayed with me long after I left the Musée d’Orsay—similarities which can be seen throughout the Impressionists’ paintings.
虽然这些画的背景迥然不同,但在我离开奥赛博物馆很久之后,我仍清楚记得它们的相似之处——这些相似之处在印象派画家的画作中随处可见。(教材p.31)
4
such位于句首的倒装句
析”such/so.…that.…””意为“如此……以至于……”,”such/so.….”部分置
于句首时,主句用部分倒装语序。
例
Such is its worth that several later emperors even asked the most
talented artists of their day to make copies of the scroll.
这幅画价值如此之高,以至于后世有几位皇帝甚至命令当朝最有
才华的画家来临摹这幅长卷。(教材p.40)
★语法归纳
动词-ing形式和动词-ed形式作表语
动词-ing形式常修饰物作表语表示主语的特征动词-ed形式
常修饰人
说明主语的状态
1.动词-ing形式作表语
动词-ing形式作表语通常说明主语的性质、特征,常修饰物。
The result of the game is very surprising.
比赛的结果让人很惊讶。(说明事物的特征)
2.动词-ed形式作表语
动词-ed形式作表语通常说明主语的状态或感受,常修饰人。
例 We were greatly surprised at the news.
我们听到这个消息后深感意外。(说明人的感受)
3.注意事项
(1)动词-ing形式和动词-ed形式作表语时,动词色彩常常被淡化,而形容词化了,后面通常不能跟宾语,可以被very、rather、greatly等副词修饰。
例 She is greatly pleased with the results. 她对结果非常满意。
(2)有时动词-ing形式表示主语所指的内容,这时动词-ing形式仍然可以带有逻辑主语或者宾语。
My aim is everybody’s having a good time.
我的目标是大家都玩得开心