新选修四 Unit 1 SCIENCE FICTION

[重点单词及短语]

1.test out检验;测试
test sb..for sth.给某人做某方面的身体检查
test sb.on sth.测试某人某方面的知识
test…on.…在…上做…实验
put sb./sth.to the test使…受考验;使…受检验

2.alarm以使警觉;使惊恐;惊动n.警报;惊恐

→alarmed adj.担心的;害怕的

→alarming ad.令人惊恐的
be alarmed at/by.对…感到忧虑或害怕
be alarmed to do sth.害怕做某事
in alarm惊恐地

3.ridiculous ad.愚蠢的;荒谬的;荒唐的
It is ridiculous that..…是荒谬的
a ridiculous idea荒唐的主意
look ridiculous看上去可笑
sound ridiculous听起来荒谬
absolutely/totally ridiculous荒谬绝伦

4.salary n.薪水,薪金(尤指按月发放的)
earn/get/receive a salary 赚工资
pay sb.a salary付给某人工资
offer sb.a salary给某人工资
a salary increase加薪

5.favour n.喜爱;恩惠;帮忙v以.喜爱;偏祖
do sb.a favour帮某人一个忙
in favour of同意;支持:为获得(更好或更需要的事物
in one's favour有利于某人

6.or rather更确切地说
rather than而不是
other than除…之外
more than很,非常;超过;不仅仅是

7.accompany vt..陪伴;伴奏
accompany sb.to.陪伴/陪同某人到(to是介词)
accompany sb.at/on sth.用某物为某人伴奏
be accompanied by伴随…发生

8.appoint v任命;约定

→appointment n..预约;约会:委任,任命
appoint sb..to be/as.任命某人为…
make/arrange an appointment with sb..跟某人约时间
keep/break an/one’s appointment守约/违约
put off/change one’s appointment推迟/改变某人的约定

9.guilt n..内疚;悔恨→guilty ad心内疚的,羞愧的;有罪的;有过失的
feel guilty about对…感到愧疚
guilty of 有…过失,有…罪责

10.strike vt.&vi.(struck,struck)报时;打;撞击;罢工;打动;迷住;突然想起;袭击 n.罢工
be struck by.被…打动
Sth.strikes sb./It strikes sb.that.某人突然想起
be/go on strike举行罢工

11.dismiss vt..让(某人)离开;解散;解雇;消除;不予考虑
dismiss…fom.从…解除/开除(…)

12.declare vt..表明;宣称;公布
declare sb../sth.tobe.宣布某人/某物是
declare for//against..声明赞成/声明反对…
declare war(on.)(向…)宣战
declare sth.open/closed宣布…开始/结束

13.be/become aware of知道;明白;意识到…
be/become aware that..知道;意识到
as far as I'm aware据我所知

14.charge sb..with(doing)sth.指控某人(做)某事
charge(sb.)for…为…(向某人)收费/要
in charge of…主管/看管/负责…
in the charge of sb.在某人的掌管之下take charge of..负责/看管…

15.on a basis根据;以…的方式(基准)
(1)base vt.以…为根据/基础;基于n.基部;基地;基础
base.on..以…为…的基础
be based on/upon以…为基础/依据
(2)basic adj.基本的;基础的

16.distinguish vi.&vt.显示…的差别;使…有不同;辨别
distinguished adj.卓越的;著名的;
distinguish between..and.区分…和…
distinguish.from.使…有别于…
distinguish oneself(as.)(作为…)表现突出
be distinguished for…因…而出名
be distinguished as.作为…而出名

17calculate v.计算;核算;预测,推测

→calculator n算器

→calculation n.计算;估算
calculate on指望;期待
be calculated to do sth.旨在做某事

18.superior adj.更好的;占优势的;(在级别或重上)更高的
superior to比…更好;比…更胜一筹

19.take over占上风;取而代之;接管;接手
take away拿走;夺走
take back收回;带回;使回忆起
take down写下,记下;拆卸
take in吸收;理解;救骗;收留
take off(飞机)起飞;开始成功;脱去; 摘掉
take on具有,呈现;担任,承担;雇用
take up占据;从事;继续

20.remind..of.使.…想起…
remind sb.to do sth.提醒某人做某事
remind sb.hat提醒某人…;使某人想起

21.conflict with与…冲突或抵触
in conflict with与…有冲突
come into conflict with与…产生冲突

22.fetch v.(去)拿来;(去)请来
fetch help去请人帮忙
fetch a doctor去请医生

23.turn out关掉;熄灭;在场;出席;使朝外;结果是
turn down调低;拒绝
turn up开大;调大;出现
turn over打翻;翻身;移交
turn around转身;翻转
turn to求助于;翻到(书中的某页)
turn away拒绝…入内;把…打发走

24.pace n.速度;步伐;节奏vt&i.确定速度;调整节奏;来回踱步
keep pace with sb./sth.与…并驾齐驱/步调一致

25.fall away(逐渐)减少;消
fall apart破碎;破裂;崩溃
fall behind(sb.sth.)落后;落在…后面
fall in love with爱上…
fall over sb/sth..被…绊倒

26.urge n. 强烈的欧望;冲动;催促;力劝:大力推荐极;主张

→urgency n.紧急;紧急情况

→urgent adj.紧急的;迫切的

→urgently adv紧急地;迫切地
have an urge to do sth..有强烈的欲望做某事
urge sth.sb.on催促某物/某人前进
urge sb.to do sth.催促某人做某事
urge that(should)dosh.极力主张调…做某事
It is urged that…(should)do sth.坚决要求…做某事。

27.random n.随机的;不可思议的n.随意

→randomly adv.随便地,任意地
a random sample/selection随机抽样/选择at random随意;随机;胡乱
choose/select/pick..at random随意选择

28.maximum adj.最高的,最多的,最大极限的n.最大量;最大限度
the maximum speed/temperature最快速度/最高气温
maximum effect最佳效果
a maximum speed of 120mph最高时速120英里
get the maximum benefit获得最大利益
face a maximum of seven years in prison面临最高七年的监禁
up to a maximum of S1,000最高达1000美元

29.explode vi.&v,以爆炸:爆破:突然爆发,进发(感情)
→explosion n.爆炸
explode with突然,

[经典句式]
1.同位语
She wasn’t like Gladys Claffern,one of the richest and most powerful women around.
她与格拉迪丝·克拉芬不同,后者是当地最有钱有势的女性之一。

2.suggest(that)+主语+(should)do.建议某人做某事
He suggested that she invite Gladys and her friends to the house the night before he was to leave and Larry was to return.
他(托尼)建议在他高开,也就是拉里回家的前一天晚上,克菜尔邀请格拉迪丝和她的朋友们到家里来。

3.动词+形式宾语+宾语补足语+真正的宾语
It would not be surprising if we found it difficult to distinguish between reality and science fiction in the future.
将来,如果我们发现很难区分现实和科幻小说,那也不足为奇。

4.含before的常用句式
…AI researchers say that it will not be long before AI can win at almost everything.·人工智能研究人员表示,用不了多久,人工智能就能在几乎所有事情中获胜。
It won’t be long before..用不了多久就会·
It wasn’t long before..没过多久就.
It will be+一段时间+before..要过若干时间之后
It was+一段时间+before.过了若干时间才…

5.it作形式主语的常用句型
It is a great honour for me to be invited to address this international AI conference.我很荣幸被邀请在这次国际人工智能大会上发言。

6.as if引导方式状语从句
Night came as if a lamp was being turned out,and in another moment came the day.夜幕降临了,仿佛一盏灯正在熄灭,转眼间,白昼就来临了。

7.so/as long as引导条件状语从句
So long as I travelled at maximum speed, it didn’t matter.

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