[词汇派生]
1.please vt.& vi.(使……)高兴；(使……)满意
→pleasant adj.令人愉快的；友好的
→pleased adj.欣喜的；高兴的；愉快的
→pleasure n.高兴(的事)
2.literal adj.照字面的；原义的
→literally adv.字面上；真正地
3.breath n.呼吸的空气
→breathless adj.气喘吁吁的；屏息的
→breathe v.呼吸
4.freeze vi.& vt.(froze，frozen) 结冰；(使)冻住
→freezing adj.极冷的；冰冻的；严寒的
→frozen adj.冷冻的;冷藏的
→freezer n.冰柜;冷冻室
5.anticipate vt.预料；预见；期望
→anticipation n.预期；期盼
6.during prep.在……的期间；在……的时候
→duration n.持续时间；期间
[一词多义]
1.arise vi.
①Seeing his mother return home，the boy arose from his chair immediately.（vi.起身）
②New problems will arise one after another in future.（vi.出现
③They arose at sunrise to get an early start to the park.（vi.起床）
2.highlight n. vt.
①I’ll show you the highlights of the event.（n.最好或最精彩的部分）
②These figures clearly highlight the difference in world living standards.（vt.突出）
③Featured ads are placed topmost in each category and are shown highlighted.(vt.使醒目）
3.drill vi.& vt. n.
①He used a drill to bore a hole in the door.(n.钻(头)）
②The dentist drilled my tooth.(vt.钻(孔)；打(眼)）
③The soldiers have drill every day.(n.训练）
4.thunder vi. n.
①There was a loud crash of thunder and large drops of rain started falling.(n.雷声）
②He bowed to the thunder of applause from the audience.(n.轰隆声）
③It thundered，but no rain fell.(vi.打雷）
④The guns thundered in the distance.(vi.轰隆隆地响）
5.frost n. vt.
①The fields have frosted up in this wintry morning.(vi.结霜）
②The cold has frosted the windows.(vt.使蒙上霜）
③The car windows were covered with frost.（n.霜；霜冻）
[知识要点]
1.arise vi.(arose，arisen) 起身；出现；由……引起
During the night a great storm has arisen.
夜里来了一场大风暴。
He formed a picture of his future that arose bright and colourful in his mind.
他脑海中浮现出一幅光明灿烂的未来景象。
[翻译]目前的争执是由父母的担心引起的。
The current debate arose from/out of the concerns of parents.
[知识拓展]
(1)arise from/out of 由……而引起；由……而产生；从……中产生
arise from… 从……上站起来
(2)arise作“呈现；出现；发生”之意时，主语多为抽象名词argument/problem/quarrel/ question/movement等。
As we all know，most car accidents arise out of carelessness.
＝As we all know，most car accidents arise from carelessness.
众所周知，大部分交通事故是由粗心大意引起的。
2.take sb.’s breath away令人惊叹
These gorgeously lit images will take your breath away！
这些华丽的灯光图像将会使您屏息凝神！
Life is not the amount of breaths you take，it’s the moments that take your breath away.
生命的真谛不在于你呼吸的次数，而在于那些令你惊叹不已的时刻。
[翻译]那个演艺人员的表演经常令人咋舌。
The entertainer’s performances often take our breath away.
[知识拓展]
hold one’s breath 屏住呼吸
catch one’s breath 喘息;恢复正常呼吸
lose one’s breath 喘不过气来
take a deep breath 深呼吸
take sb’s breath away 令人惊叹
out of breath 上气不接下气
To make the movement easier I tried to take a deep breath of fresh air.
为了活动起来更容易，我努力呼吸了一口新鲜空气。
Tired and out of breath，we reached the top of the mountain.
我们到达了山顶，累得喘不过气来。
3.bound adj.准备前往(某地)；一定会
This train is bound from Shanghai to Nanjing.
这列火车是从上海开往南京的。
Who said that making a robot so much like a man was bound to cause trouble?
谁说造像人一样的机器人是注定要惹出麻烦的？
[翻译] 他在事业上一定会成功。
He is bound to succeed in his enterprise.
[知识拓展]
be bound to do sth.一定会做某事；有义务做某事
be bound for…开往；飞往；驶往
be bound up with sth.与某事有密切关系
be bound up in sth. 忙于(专心于；热衷于)某事
So long as we hold fast to our ideals and never give up，we are bound to achieve success.
只要我们坚持梦想、永不放弃，我们一定会取得成功。
He is bound up in his work which is bound up with the welfare of the community.
他忙于工作，这项工作与社区福利事业有密切联系。
4.freeze vi.& vt.(froze，frozen) 结冰；(使)冻住
A freezer freezes water solid.
冰箱能使水结成固体。
Water freezes at 0 ℃.
水在摄氏零度结冰。
[翻译] 笑容在他们脸上僵住了。
Smiles froze on their faces.
[知识拓展]
freeze with …因……而呆住
freeze to death 冻死
freeze up (某物)冻住；﹙因紧张、害怕或兴奋﹚不动，停住；惊呆；吓呆
freeze sb. with a frown皱起眉头使某人感到沮丧
5.anticipate vt.预料；预见；期望
The directors anticipated a fall in demand.
董事们预感需求会降低。
I anticipate that the result will be a draw.
我预料结果会打成平局。
[翻译] 结果比我们原先设想的还要好。
It turns out that we were more successful than we had anticipated.
[知识拓展]
anticipate doing… 期望或预料做某事
it is widely anticipated that… 普遍预料……
It is widely anticipated that she will resign.
许多人预料她会辞职。
[重点句式]
1.rather than与其；不愿 (连接两个并列成分)
(教材P38) Rather than travel by commercial airline all the way, they decided to fly to Vancouver and then take the train.
她们决定先乘飞机到温哥华，然后再坐火车，而不是全程乘坐商务航班。
句式分析：句中rather than连接两个并列不定式短语，位于句首时，只能接不带to的不定式。
[例1] He only cares about whether the eyewitness has given true information，which must be facts rather than opinions.
他关心的只是目击者是否提供了真实的信息，这些信息必须是事实而不是个人观点。
[例2] They thus increased their annual grain production rather than diminished it.
他们这样增加了而不是减少了粮食年产量。
[翻译] 我们是在教室里开会，不是在大厅里。
We will have the meeting in the classroom rather than in the great hall.
[知识拓展]
(1)rather than连接两个名词或代词作主语时,谓语动词应与rather than 前面的名词或代词在人称和数上保持一致。
(2)rather than后接不定式时，不定式可以带to，也可以不带to，但当rather than位于句首时，只能接不带to的不定式。
I decided to write rather than (to) telephone.
＝Rather than telephone I decided to write.
我决定写信而不是打电话。
2.过去分词短语作状语
(教材P38) Seen from the train window，the mountains and forests of Canada looked massive.
透过火车车窗加拿大的山脉和森林看起来非常壮观。
句式分析：句中过去分词短语Seen from the train window在句中作时间状语。
[例1] Ordered over a week ago，the books are expected to arrive any time now.
这些书一个多星期以前就被下订单了，现在预计随时会到。
[例2] Born in a poor family，Nadia had only two years of schooling.
由于出生于贫寒家庭，纳迪亚只上过两年学。
[翻译] 尽管受到了父母的鼓励，他仍然没有信心克服困难。
Encouraged by his parents，he still has no confidence in overcoming the difficulties.
[知识拓展]
过去分词短语通常在句中作时间、原因、条件、让步、伴随、方式等状语。过去分词通常与句子的主语构成被动关系，或表示动作已完成。
Given a lot of money，he lived a better life.
给他许多钱后，他的日子过得好多了。(表示原因)
Used with care，one tin will last for six weeks.
如果用得仔细的话，一罐可以够用六周。(表示条件)
The teacher came in，followed by a group of students.
老师进来了，后面跟着一群学生。(表示伴随)
The girl met with an accident when crossing the road，wounded in the head.
那个女孩过马路时出了事故，头部受了伤。(表结果)
3.with复合结构
(教材P38) Edmonton is freezing cold in winter，with daily temperatures averaging －10 ℃.
埃德蒙顿的冬天非常寒冷，每天平均气温为－10 ℃。
句式分析：句中with daily temperatures averaging －10℃为with复合结构，在句子中作状语。
[例1]With a red handkerchief in his hand，he shouted at Mary crazily.
他手里拿着一条红手绢，发疯似地朝玛丽叫喊。
[例2]Instead he and another man are hiding in a small hut during a snowstorm with nothing to eat.
相反，他和另一个人被暴风雪困在一个小木屋里，没有任何东西可以吃。
[翻译]他躺在那儿，眼睛盯着天花板。
He lay there，with his eyes looking at the ceiling.
[知识拓展]
with 复合结构在句中常作状语，表示伴随状况、原因、方式、条件等。其结构如下：
with＋宾语＋to do 表示将来的动作doing 表示主动或正在进行的动作done 表示被动或已完成的动作prep.短语adj.表示状态adv.表示状态
In the afternoon，with nothing to do，I went to the bookstore.
因为下午无事可做，我便到书店去了。
With the guide leading the way，we found his home easily.
因为有那位向导带路，我们很容易找到了他的家。
The man sat in the chair，with his hands tied behind his back.
这个人坐在椅子上，双手被绑在背后。
The student fell asleep with the light on.
这个学生开着灯就睡着了。