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[词汇]
名词
1．dialect 方言
2．accent 口音；腔调；重音
3．identity 身份；本身；本体
4．usage 使用；用法；词语惯用法
5．request 请求；要求
6．official 官方的；正式的；公务的
7．command 命令；指令；掌握
8．vocabulary 词汇；词汇量；词汇表
11．spelling 拼写；拼法
14．expression 词语；表示；表达；表情
15．speech 演讲；讲话
18．saying 谚语；言论
19．pronunciation 发音；读法
20．grammar 语法
21. billion 十亿
22. attitude 态度；看法
23. reference 指称关系；参考
24. system 体系；制度；系统
25.factor 因素
26.base 底部；根据
27. bone 骨头；骨质
28. shell 贝壳
29.symbol符号；象征
30.dynasty 王朝；朝代
32.variety变异；异体；多样化
33.means 方式；方法；途径
34.regard 尊重；关注
35.character 文字；符号；角色；品质；特点
36.calligraphy 书法；书法艺术
37.affair 公共事务；事件；关系
38.tongue 舌头；语言
39.semester 学期
40.gas =petrol汽油；气体；燃气
41.subway =underground 地铁
42.apartment 公寓套房
43.pants 内裤；短裤；裤子
44.gap 间隔；开口；差距
45.description 描写（文字），形容
46. Korean 韩国人；韩语
47. Danish 丹麦人；丹麦语
48.Denmark 丹麦
49. Arabic 阿拉伯人；阿拉伯语
50.FIFA 国际足联
动词
1．base 以……为根据
2. refer 提到；参考；查阅；叫…求助于
3. carve 雕刻
4.regard 把…视为；看待
5.appreciate 欣赏；重视；感激；领会
6.struggle 斗争；奋斗；搏斗
7.beg 恳请；乞求；哀求
8.relate 练习；讲述
形容词
1．native 本国的；本地的
2．fluent 流利的；流畅的
3．frequent 频繁的；常见的
4．spoken 口语的
5．standard 标准(的)
6. based 以。。。为基础的；以。。。为重要成分的
7. major 主要的，重要的；大的
8. classic 传统的；最优秀的；典型的
9. global 全球的；全世界的
10. specific 特定的；明确的；具体的
11. equal 相同的；同样的
短语
1．relate to 与…相关，涉及；谈到
2．point of view 观点；看法
3．no matter where，who, what etc. 不论…不管…
4．date back to 追溯到
5．refer to 指的是；描述；提到；查询
[句型]
1.教材原句
By the Shang Dynasty (around 1600 － 1046 BCE), these symbols had become a well-developed writing system.
到了商朝(大约公元前1600－1046年)，这些符号已经成为一个完善的书写体系。
句式解构
“by＋时间”组成的介词短语表示“到……时为止”。在句中作时间状语时，句子的谓语动词常用完成时态。
佳句背诵
By the end of last week, we had received over 1,000 text messages.
到上周末我们已收到1 000多条短信。
2.教材原句
That writing system was of great importance in uniting the Chinese people and culture.
这一书写体系对于凝聚中国人和中国文化具有重要意义。
句式解构
“of＋抽象名词”结构相当于形容词。
佳句背诵
Taking plenty of exercise can be of great benefit.多锻炼是很有好处的。
3.教材原句
Even today, no matter where Chinese people live or what dialect they speak, they can all still communicate in writing.
即使在今天，无论住在哪里，也不论说何种方言，中国人都仍能通过书写(文字)进行交流。
句式解构
no matter where, who, what, etc.引导让步状语从句。
佳句背诵
No matter what happened, he would not mind.
不管发生什么，他都不在意。
[语法]
由when, where, why, or介词+which/who引导的定语从句
Part 1:细看课文原文句子，体会其用法
1. There are many reasons (why this has been possible) , but one of the main factors has been the Chinese writing system.
2. It dates back thousand years to the use of longgu-animal bones and shells (on which symbols were carved by ancient Chinese people).
3. Over the years, the system developed into different forms, as it was a time (when people were divided geographically), leading to many varieties of dialects and characters.
4. Written Chinese has also become an important means( by which China’s present is connected with its past).
Part 2:语法知识
1．The day on which I met the pop star was a great day of my life.
2．She is going to live in Marco, where she has some close friends.
3．This is the hall in which the medical conference will be held.
4．The couple have two children, neither of whom lives with them.
5．I still remember the day when I first met Jennifer.
6．That was the reason why he was so upset.
[我的发现]
(1)句2中，关系副词 where 在定语从句中作地点状语；句5中，关系副词 when 在定语从句中作时间状语；句6中，关系副词 why 在定语从句中作原因状语。
(2)句1、3、4中，“介词＋which/whom ”引导的定语从句中的介词多与从句的谓语动词搭配以及具体语境有关。同时which用于指代物，而 whom用于指代人。