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[词汇]
1.tired adj.疲倦的，疲劳的
tireless adj.不知疲倦的
2. usual adj.通常的，惯常的
usually adv.通常地
unusual adj.不同寻常的
3. direct adj.径直的；直接的 v.指示；管理 adv.径直，直接
direction n.方向；指导
director n.导演；主管；懂事
4. die v.死亡；消失，灭亡
death n.死亡
dead adj.死的
dying adj.垂死的；快要消失的
deadly adj.致命的，致死的 adv. 死一般地
5. shock v. 使震惊，使惊愕
shocking adj.惹人憎恶的，令人气愤的
shocked adj.惊愕的
6. breathe v.呼吸
breath n.呼吸
7. suffer v.受苦；忍受
sufferer n.受苦者，受难者，患病者
suffering n.【U】疼痛【pl.】痛苦，苦恼
8. survive v.幸存，幸免于难
survivor n.幸存者
survival n.【U】幸存，生存
9. sweep v.打扫；清扫
sweeper n.清洁工；清扫机
10. effect n.效应，影响，结果
effective adj.有效的；实际的
effectively adv.有效地；实际上
effectiveness n.有效性
11. long adj.长的
length n.长度；时间的长短
lengthen v.延长；伸长
[短语]
1. rescue
（1）n.［U］救援；营救；［C］营救行动。
come/go to sb.’s rescue来／去救助某人
rescue team／workers 救援队／人员
e.g.
Have you read the article about the rescue of the two fishermen?
你读过那篇关于营救两个渔民的文章吗？
（2）vt．援救；营救。
rescue…from…把·····从··中解救出来
e.g.
The brave firefighter rescued three children from the burning house yesterday.
昨天这名勇敢的消防队员从燃烧的房子中救出了三个孩子。
2. damage
（1）vt. 损害，毁坏，破坏
e.g.
Smoking seriously damages your health.吸烟严重损害你的健康。
（2）n［U］损失，破坏，损坏；［U］损害，伤害；（pl．）（法院判定的）损害赔偿金。
do／cause damage to…对······造成损害／破坏
e.g.
The storm did a lot of damage to the crops.暴风雨对庄稼造成了很大的破坏。
【辨析】damage，destroy和ruin
damage：表示“损害，损坏”，主要指对价值和功能的破坏，多用于无生命的东西，一般还可修复。
e.g.
The bridge was badly damaged by the flood. 这座桥被洪水损坏得很严重。
destroy：表示“破坏，毁灭”，使之毁灭或无用，一般不能或很难修复。
e.g.
The big fire destroyed the whole building. 大火烧毁了整栋大楼。
ruin：表示“毁坏，破坏”，使某物丧失功能、价值。更强调破坏的彻底性。还可指破坏美好的事物
e.g.
The rain ruined my holiday.这场雨破坏了我的假期。
3. set up
（1）开办，建立，创建
e.g.
Now Better ware plans to set up shops elsewhere in Europe.
现在Better ware公司计划在欧洲的其他地方开分店。
（2）安装好，装配好
e.g.
She set up her computer in her bedroom so that she could work at home.
她把电脑装在了卧室里，这样她就可以在家办公了。
4. shelter
（1）n．［C］隐蔽处；躲避处；遮盖物；避难所
e.g.
They built a rough shelter from old pieces of wood.他们用旧木条搭了一个简陋的窝棚。
（2）n．［U］保护；掩蔽；庇护。
find／take shelter from the rain 避雨
under the shelter of在······的庇护下；受······的保护
e.g.
These student leaders sought political shelter in France.
这些学生领袖在法国寻求政治保护。
（3）vt．（使）掩蔽；庇护
e.g.
The darkness of the night sheltered their activities.黑夜掩护了他们的行动。
（4）vi．避难；躲难
e.g.
We sheltered from the rain in a doorway.我们在一处门廊里避雨。
5. as usual 像往常一样
6. come to an end 结束
7. deadly
（1）adj．致命的，致死的；极度的，彻底的
e.g.
This is a deadly poison. Keep it out of the reach of the children.
这是一种致命的毒药。把它放在孩子够不到的地方。
（2）adv．死一般地；极其，非常
e.g.
My mother’s face turned deadly pale after she heard the bad news.
听了这个坏消息后，我的母亲变得面色惨白。
8. ruin
（1）n.（pl.）废墟，残垣断壁；［U］破坏，毁灭；破产。
in ruins 意为“成为废墟；严重受损；破败不堪”，其中ruin要用复数形式。
go／come to ruin 灭亡；荒废
fall in／into ruin 灭亡；荒废
bring…to ruin使······毁灭，使······没落
e.g.
Years of fighting have left the area in ruins.
经年的战事已经使得这个地区满目疮痍。
（2）vt. 破坏，毁坏；使破产。常见搭配：
ruin one’s future 毁掉某人的前途
ruin one’s health 毁坏某人的健康
9. shock n.令人震惊的事；休克；（由爆炸、地震等引起的）剧烈震动；震惊
in shock 震惊；吃惊
【拓展】
shocked adj.惊愕的；受震惊的。
be shocked at sth. 对某物/某事感到震惊。
be shocked to do sth. 对做某事感到震惊。
10. dig out 挖掘出；找出；发现
11. trap
（1）vt.（trapped, trapped）使陷入困境；困住，关住。
be trapped in 被困在··中，陷入······中
trap sb. into doing sth. 陷害／诱骗某人做某事
e.g.
When traveling, they were trapped in the mountain, waiting to be rescued.
旅行时，他们被困在山上，等待救援。
By clever questioning they trapped him into telling the truth.
他们用巧妙的提问诱使他说了实话。
（2）n.［C］（捕捉动物的）陷阱；圈套，诡计；困境，牢笼。常见搭配：
set a trap to do sth.设圈套做某事
lay／set a trap for…为·····设下圈套
fall／walk into a trap 落入圈套
e.g.
The deer was caught in our trap.那只鹿落入了我们的陷阱。
The police set a trap to catch the thief.警察设下了捉拿窃贼的圈套。
12. bury vt.埋葬；掩埋；隐藏
be buried in 短语常去掉be，位于句首做状语,相当于burying oneself in。
bury oneself in(= be buried in）埋头于,专心于
e.g.
Our dog likes to bury his bones.我们的狗喜欢埋藏骨头。
She has learnt to bury her feelings.她已经学会了感情不外露。
Buried in her graduation paper，Mary has no time to do a part-time job. 忙于毕业论文，玛丽没有时间兼职。
【拓展】
“专心于，致力于”的多种表达法：
devote oneself to = be devoted to专心于；献身于
fix／focus／concentrate one’s attention on／upon 专心于，致力于；集中注意力于
be lost in 陷入····之中
13. effort
（1）n.［C］尽力，艰难的尝试。其后常接不定式做后置定语。常见搭配：
make an effort／make efforts 作出努力
make every effort to do sth.尽全力做某事
in an effort to do sth.为了做某事
e.g.
What’s the point, in your opinion, of helping him if he doesn’t make an effort to help himself？如果他自己不努力自助，那你觉得帮他又有什么用呢？
The school clubs are making every effort to interest more students.
学校俱乐部正在尽一切努力来吸引更多的学生。
（2）n.［U，C］气力,努力,费力的事。常见搭配：
with（an） effort费力地
without effort 毫不费力地
put effort into sth.在某事上努力
spare no effort to do sth.不遗余力地做某事
e.g.
With（an） effort she managed to stop herself laughing.她好不容易才忍住了笑。
He spared no effort to make her happy again.
为使她重新快乐起来，他想尽了办法。
14. suffer
(1) vi.(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦，受折磨。
suffer from a bad cold 患重感冒
suffer from a headache/toothache 受头疼/牙疼之苦
suffer from the loss of memory 患失忆症
(2) vt. 遭受，蒙受（后常跟抽象名词，相当于experience）
suffer pain/hardship 经历痛苦/困苦
suffer a defeat/a loss/punishment 遭受失败/损失/惩罚
e.g.
Though he is only 15, he suffers much pain. 尽管他才15岁，却遭受了很多痛苦。
The factory suffered serious damage in the fire. 那个工厂在火灾中损失惨重。
15. supply
(1)n.【C】供应（量）；（常用复数）供应品
in short supply 供应不足
e.g.
These chemicals in the food supply build up in people’s bodies over time.
随着时间的推移，食物中的这些化学成分会在人体内累积起来。
There is a good supply of books in the store.这家店里有大量的书籍。
These goods are in short supply.这些货物供应不足。
(2)vt.供应,提供；补充
supply sth. to sb. ＝ supply sb. with sth.给某人提供某物
e.g.
Food supplies the energy for movement.食物为运动提供能量。
This shop supplies us with all we need. 这家商店给我们提供了我们所需要的一切。
16. survive
（1）vt．幸存；幸免于难（不能用于被动语态）。其宾语通常是war，accident，flood，fire，earthquake，air crash等。
e.g.
She was the only person to survive the accident.她是这次事故的唯一幸存者。
（2）vi．存活，生存，继续存在。常见搭配：
survive on sth.＝live on sth.靠某物存活。
e.g.
I don’t know how you all manage to survive on your small salary.
我不知道你们只靠微薄的薪金是怎样过活的。
（3）vt．比······活（或存在）的时间长。常见搭配：
survive sb.by＋时间 比某人多活······
e.g.
She survived her husband by twenty years.她比她的丈夫多活了二十年。
17. aid
（1）n．帮助；援助。常见搭配：
first aid 急救
come to one’s aid 来帮助某人
in aid of…为了帮助······
with the aid of…在······的帮助下
e.g.
I couldn’t speak French but a kind man came to my aid.
我不会说法语，但是一个好心人来帮我了。
I’m collecting money in aid of starving children.
为了帮助饥饿的孩子们，我正在募捐。
With the aid of our teachers, we learned how to give first aid.
在我们的老师的帮助下，我们学会了如何进行急救。
（2）v．帮助，援助。常见搭配：
aid sb. in doing sth.帮助某人做某事
aid sb. in／with sth.在某方面帮助某人
e.g.
They aided the low-income families with money.
他们在金钱方面帮助了那些低收入的家庭。
18. sweep away意为“消灭；彻底清除”。
e.g.
We clean the house and sweep away bad luck.我们打扫房间并消除掉坏运气。
We should continue to improve laws, and strengthen law education so as to sweep away corruption.我们应该不断健全法制，加强法制教育，以彻底消除腐败现象。
Any doubts had long since been swept away.一切怀疑早已完全消除。
【拓展】
sweep up 打扫；清扫
sweep over／across／around 扫视；掠过
sweep through扫过；掠过；风行
19. strike vt. & vi. (struck, struck)
（1）（灾害等）突然袭击
e.g.
A big earthquake struck the city last year, killing dozens of people.
这座城市去年遭受了一次强烈的地震袭击，导致了几十人丧生。
（2）打；敲；击
strike sb. on the head 打某人的头
e.g.
Strike while the iron is hot.趁热打铁。
The ship struck a rock.船触礁了。
（3）（钟）敲响；报（时）；鸣
e.g.
The clock struck eight.时钟敲过八点。
I didn’t hear the clock strike.我没听到钟响。
（4）打动；给······以深刻印象
e.g.
What struck us most was the great number of bicycles on the streets.
给我们印象最深的是街上的自行车非常多。
The lecture struck deeply into the minds of the children.
这个演讲深深地触动了孩子们的心灵。
20. deliver
(1) vt.＆vi.递送，传送，交付，运载
e.g.
Please leave us your name and address and we’ll have all the goods delivered to your door.请给我们留下你的姓名和地址，我们将会把所有的货物给你送上门。
(2) vt．接生，助产；分娩，生产。常见搭配：
deliver a baby 接生
be delivered of＝give birth to 生产，分娩
e.g.
Her baby was delivered by her own doctor.她的孩子是由她自己的医生接生的。
She was delivered of a healthy boy. = She gave birth to a healthy boy.
她生下了一个健康的男孩儿。
(3) vt．发表，宣布，发布。常见搭配：deliver a speech 发表演讲。
e.g.
The speech delivered by him made us very inspired.
他发表的演讲让我们很受鼓舞。
21.effect n.效应，影响，结果。常见搭配：
side effects 副作用
cause and effect 因果
have a（n）…effect on…对······有······影响
come into effect 开始实施，生效
take effect 见效，开始起作用；生效，开始实施
put／bring…into effect实施，实行，使生效
in effect事实上，实际上
e.g.
It remains to be seen whether the medicine has side effects.
这个药物是否有副作用还有待观察。
Any change in lifestyle will have an effect on your health.
生活方式的任何改变都将影响你的健康。
The new law will come into effect/take effect on New Year’s Day. 该项新法律将在元旦开始生效。
22.length n.长度；时间的长短。常见搭配：
in length在长度上
at length长时间；最后；详尽地
at arm’s length 在伸手可及处；保持一定距离地
e.g.
The river in my hometown is 300 meters in length.
我家乡的那条河长300米。
At length the bus arrived, forty minutes late.
公共汽车终于来了，晚了四十分钟。
Sometimes we should hold people at arm’s length.
有时我们应该与人保持一定距离。
【拓展】
常见的“长、宽、高、深”等的表达：
long adj.长的→length n.长度
wide adj.宽的→width n.宽度
high adj.高的→height n.高度
deep adj.深的→depth n.深度
这座桥长200米。
The length of the bridge is 200 metres.
The bridge is 200 metres long.
The bridge is 200 metres in length.
[句型]
1. It seems as if the world were coming to an end!
仿佛世界末日即将来临！
知识点：as if/though 引导的表语从句
（1）as if引导的从句一般用虚拟语气，但如果从句所表示的情况有明显的依据或实现的可能性较大，则用陈述语气。
|
动作发生的时间 |
虚拟语气结构 |
|
发生在主句动作之前 |
had+过去分词 |
|
与主句动作同时发生 |
过去时（be用were） |
|
发生在主语动作之后 |
would/could/might/should+动词原形 |
e.g.
They began to talk warmly as if they had known each other for long.
他们开始热烈的谈论起来就好像他们已相互认识很久了。
He coughed twice as if someone should come.
他咳嗽两声就好像有人要来了。
She looks as if she were ten years younger．
她看起来好像年轻了10岁。
There is a lot of cloud. It seems as if it’s going to rain.
有这么多乌云，看起来好像要下雨了。（陈述语气）
（2）as if引导的从句有时可用省略形式，as if后面可接副词、不定式、名词、分词或介词短语等。
He acted as if（he were）a fool.
他做起事来像个傻瓜。
The boy looked as if(he was) in search of something.
那个男孩看起来好像在寻找什么东西似的。
The man stops from time to time as if (he is) to find whether he is being followed.
这个人时不时停下来，好像在看是否有人在跟踪他。
2. The most powerful earthquake in the past 40 years caused a tsunami that crashed into coastlines across Asia yesterday, killing more than 6,500 people in Indonesia, India, Thailand, Malaysia, and at least four other countries.
在过去40年里最强烈的地震导致了一场海啸，这场海啸昨日摧毁了横穿亚洲的海岸线，导致印度尼西亚、印度、泰国、马来西亚和至少其他四个国家的6500人死亡。
知识点：现在分词（短语）做结果状语
（1）语法含义：表示意料之中的、自然而然的结果，现在分词前有时可加thus以示强调。
（2）逻辑主语：句子的主语或现在分词前的整个句子。当现在分词的逻辑主语为前面的整个句子时，其作用相当于一个非限制性定语从句。
（3）时态特征：现在分词表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之后，因此做结果状语的现在分词只用一般式。
（4）位置：通常位于句末，且常用逗号与前面的句子成分隔开。
（5）扩展性：一般可转换为so that引导的结果状语从句。
e.g.
All the boats have been destroyed by the enemies, leaving us no chance to leave the island.
敌人破坏了所有的船，这使我们无法离开这座岛。
He did his homework carelessly, making a lot of mistakes. = He did his homework carelessly so that he made a lot of mistakes.
他做家庭作业时粗心大意，结果犯了很多错误。
3. Indian officials said as many as 1,900 had been killed along the southern coast.
印度方面的政府官员称，在南部海岸线附近已有多达1900人死亡。
知识点：as…as结构
(1)as…as结构的几种形式：
①as many＋可数名词复数形式 +as
You’ve made as many mistakes as I have.
你犯的错误和我犯的一样多。
②as much＋不可数名词+as
I can carry as much paper as you can.
我能和你搬一样多的纸。
③as＋adj.＋a／an＋可数名词单数形式+as
He is as honest a man as you.
他和你一样诚实。
④as＋adj.／adv.（原级）＋as
His bedroom is as neat as his elder sister’s.
他的卧室和他姐姐的一样整洁。
4. I was having breakfast with my three children when water started filling my home.
我正和我的三个孩子在吃早餐，这时水开始涌进房子了。
知识点：Sb. was doing sth. when…
（1）此句型表示“某人正在做某事，这时（突然）····”，句中when 做并列连词，连接两个并列分句，前一分句通常用过去进行时，后一分句通常用一般过去时。
（2）when表示“这时／那时（突然）”时，相当于 and then，and just then 或 and at that time。when 可与 suddenly 连用以加强语气。在此用法中 when 不能用 while替换。
e.g.
I was thinking about the basketball match when someone knocked on my desk.
我正想着篮球比赛，这时突然有人敲了我的桌子。
He was sleeping when there was a knock at the door.
他正在睡觉，这时有人敲门。
【拓展】
when 做并列连词时的其他常见句型：
Sb. had just done sth. when…某人刚做完某事，这时（突然）······
Sb. was about to do sth. when…某人正要做某事，这时（突然）······（be about to do将要做..）
Sb. was on the point of doing sth. when…某人正要做某事，这时（突然）··
e.g.
We had just finished the task when the machine broke down.
我们刚完成任务机器就坏了。
I was about to go out when someone came to visit me.
我正要出去，这时有人来拜访我。